短脉冲激光作用下爆发沸腾的温度及汽泡行为研究

采用短脉冲激光加热浸没在丙酮液池的铂薄膜电阻的方法,以及高压电火花单次放电高速照相技术,在国内首次建立了超急速爆发实验台,达到了微秒级的温度频响和2×106帧/s的高速照相.研究发现,随着激光热流密度增加,试件表面温度快速升高到一饱和值,与过热液体的动力学理论极限温度非常接近.拍摄到了与常规沸腾很不相同的蘑菇云式爆发沸腾照片.试件表面及临近表面的微薄液层内瞬间爆发生成大量大小相当的细小汽泡,汽泡脱离直径远低于经典Fritz公式计算值,上浮速度先快后慢.     

变量有界线性目标规划的对偶算法

本文讨论了变量有界的线性目标规划问题,给出了求解这类问题的一个对偶算法,此方法与变量有界线性规划问题的对偶算法相类似。文中证明了算法的有效性,并举例说明了计算过程。     

高强度热处理双相钢制绳线材研制

本文通过实验提出了一种双相钢制绳线材的热处理工艺程序,即:奥氏体化及水淬以获得全部马氏体组织→临界间加热淬火以获双相组织并回火→酸洗磷化后多道次连续冷拔至终尺寸→人工时效。按此程序生产的线材σ_b 可达1800MPa 以上,且扭转、弯曲疲劳性能超过标准规定值。     

带内双频电磁辐射对频率步进连续波雷达的虚警干扰规律

为掌握带内双频电磁辐射对雷达的虚警干扰规律,以频率步进连续波雷达为研究对象,基于理论分析与效应试验,研究了虚警目标的电平变化规律、波形特征以及出现位置规律。结果表明:受试雷达在带内双频电磁辐射作用下,不考虑互调干扰时,至多产生两个位置随机的“山丘型”虚警目标,两者距离差与双频干扰频差有关。双频干扰中两分量互相压制,即当任一干扰分量强度恒定时,随着另一个分量的增强,前者形成的虚警目标电平缓慢下降,最终降速基本恒定,而后者形成虚警目标电平逐渐升高,直至电平恒定;若双频干扰信号两分量同比例增强,则两个虚警目标电平均在初期近似线性上升,而后增速逐渐降低至零。     

基于双重酉滤波的再入目标实时跟踪

适当的运动模型和估计方法是提高再入目标跟踪性能的关键.选择机动再入动力学模型,将再入目标跟踪问题转化为状态和参数的联合估计问题,并利用试验数据分析了再入模型状态和参数的相关性.针对原始双重酉滤波算法的确定性系统输入假设造成信息损失的局限性,提出了一种基于随机性系统输入假设的改进双重酉滤波算法,并从理论上分析了该算法的估...     

DIP引脚应变分析

为了研究双列直插式元件在振动冲击环境下的可靠性,首先通过建立其物理模型,利用莫尔积分方法对引脚的变形进行分析,可以得到引脚任意位置的变形量;而后建立元件的实体模型,利用有限元方法对其应力应变进行仿真分析,结果表明在外载荷作用下,引脚是元件的薄弱环节,尤其在引脚与其他部位连接位置处易出现应力集中使其应变量较大,导致可靠性降低;最后进行振动冲击环境下的应变测量试验,在30 g的冲击载荷下,引脚的最大变形量可达66.47×10-6,在50 g的冲击载荷下,引脚的最大变形量可达173.95×10-6,在扫频过程中,当激振频率为146.48 Hz时,引脚的变形量最大。     

Limiting cyberwarfare: applying arms-control models to an emerging technology

ABSTRACT

An arms race in cyberspace is underway. US and Western government efforts to control this process have largely been limited to deterrence and norm development. This article examines an alternative policy option: arms control. To gauge whether arms-control models offer useful lessons for addressing cyber capabilities, this article compiles a new dataset of predominantly twentieth-century arms-control agreements. It also evaluates two case studies of negotiated agreements that regulate dual-use technologies, the 1928 Geneva Protocol prohibiting chemical- and biological-weapon use and the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. The analysis underscores the limits of norm development for emerging technologies with both civilian and military applications. It finds lessons for developing verifiable, international cooperation mechanisms for cyberwarfare in the regulatory model of international aviation. Conventionally, arms-control agreements take advantage of transparent tests or estimates of arms. To restrict cyberwarfare activities, experts and policy makers must adapt arms-control models to a difficult-to-measure technology at an advanced stage of development and use. Further investigation of international regulatory schemes for dual-use technology of similar diffusion and development to the internet, such as international civil aviation, is needed.     

Models of scientific and technological review for the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

ABSTRACT

Science and technology (S&T) review is key to anticipating developments in the life sciences that may benefit or run contrary to the aims of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. It serves as a mechanism for both preparing against novel biological threats and identifying the best opportunities for developing and sharing the life sciences to the fullest extent. In the age of rapidly advancing biotechnology, S&T review needs to be wide ranging, involve a diverse set of inputs, and be transparent about its methods and data. This viewpoint considers four models of S&T review and their capacity to respond to the challenge of the life sciences: standing advisory boards; ad hoc working groups; peer review; and wikis. It then identifies a hybrid model that is suitably broad, diverse, and transparent.     

Dual‐ascent and primal heuristics for production‐assembly‐distribution system design

This article proposes two dual‐ascent algorithms and uses each in combination with a primal drop heuristic embedded within a branch and bound framework to solve the uncapacitated production assembly distribution system (i.e., supply chain) design problem, which is formulated as a mixed integer program. Computational results indicate that one approach, which combines primal drop and dual‐ascent heuristics, can solve instances within reasonable time and prescribes solutions with gaps between the primal and dual solution values that are less than 0.15%, an efficacy suiting it for actual large‐scale applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

轻量级SpaceFibre节点高速传输系统的优化设计

为满足卫星有效载荷间SpaceFibre链路的高带宽、高可靠性和轻量化的应用需求,提出一种SpaceFibre节点传输系统的优化设计。该设计采用基于帧累计的增量化计算方法减少了计算电路的冗余;通过四级流水架构满足了错误检测操作的时序要求,使用循环冗余校验共享机制平衡了硬件资源的使用;采取基于完整应答的双层控制策略提升了系统的可靠性,通过构建面向资源优化的控制状态机和存储架构简化了确认重传算法的实现逻辑。使用型号为XC7Z100FFG900-2的FPGA搭建双节点系统,板级验证表明:该设计满足协议规范,与同类设计方案相比,最高工作频率提高1.5倍,支持最高6.25 Gbit/s的传输速率,查找表资源和存储资源降低,寄存器资源相近,为开发具有自主知识产权的高速可靠SpaceFibre编解码器提供了参考。